Lithium
Lithium (Li) is a chemical element from the group of alkali metals in the periodic table of elements. It has atomic number 3 and an atomic mass of about 6.94. Lithium is a light silver-white metal that reacts easily with water and air.
Lithium has a wide application in various industries. It is used in the manufacture of batteries, especially in lithium-ion batteries, which are the main power source for mobile devices, electric vehicles and other portable devices. Lithium is also used in the production of glass and ceramics, as well as in some pharmaceuticals.
Due to its chemical properties, lithium is also used in nuclear power and in the production of thermonuclear reactions. It is also used in the treatment of some mental illnesses, such as bipolar disorder.
Rubidium
Rubidium (Rb) is a chemical element from the group of alkali metals in the periodic table of elements. It has an atomic number of 37 and an atomic mass of about 85.47. Rubidium is a soft silvery-white metal that also reacts easily with water and air.
Rubidium has several uses. It is used in the production of electronic components such as solar cells and cathodes for vacuum tubes. Rubidium is also used in scientific research, especially in atomic physics, due to its ability to generate accurate time intervals.
In addition, rubidium is used in some industrial processes, such as the production of glass and ceramics. It can be added to glass or ceramics to change their properties, such as transparency or thermal conductivity.
In some cases, rubidium can be used in nuclear reactors to produce electricity, similar to caesium. However, this use of rubidium is not as widespread as that of caesium.
Like lithium, rubidium is a rare element on Earth. Its extraction can also be difficult and expensive. However, rubidium is usually mined as a byproduct in the production of other alkali metals, such as potassium.
Caesium
Caesium (Cs) is a chemical element from the group of alkali metals in the periodic table of elements. It has an atomic number of 55 and an atomic mass of about 132.91. Caesium is a soft silvery-white metal that also reacts easily with water and air.
It is used in the production of electronic components such as solar cells and cathodes for vacuum tubes. Caesium is also used in scientific research, especially in atomic physics, due to its ability to generate accurate time intervals.
One of the main applications of cesium is its use in atomic clocks and the global Positioning system (GPS). The cesium atomic clock is the most accurate of all known clocks and is used to measure time with high accuracy. In addition, cesium is used in some medical procedures, such as radiotherapy and cancer diagnosis.
Caesium can also be used in nuclear reactors to produce electricity. It can be used as a coolant that transfers heat from nuclear fuel to steam generators, which then convert water into steam to drive turbines and generate electricity.
In addition, cesium is used in some industrial processes, such as the purification of gas streams from sulfur dioxide and the production of glass and ceramics.
Caesium is usually mined as a byproduct in the production of other alkali metals such as potassium and rubidium.